Gandhiji‘s concept
of development is oriented to the uplift of the common man. He preferred
village habitats to megalopolises and Swadeshi craft to imported
technology for the economic wellbeing of the common man. He stressed the need
for cottage industries in place of gigantic industries and advocated for a
decentralized economy instead of a centralized one. He realized the need for
integrated rural development and believed that education, health and vocation
should be properly integrated. He emphasized the need for education and
training which he called ‗Naitalim‟ (New training) for rural
reconstruction.
This study aimed
to determine the bio-physical and socio-economic characteristics of the
community and to determine the Village development planning encourages the
participation of local people in analyzing their problems and opportunities,
and finding out solutions. This method contributes to village development by
improving capacity of local people and strengthening the roles of villagers;
promoting local participation and ensuring transparency and equity among
different community groups and contributing to efficient and effective use of
village resources. The village Mahuatongri comes under the forest tracts of Chotanagpur
plateau. In this village several ethnic groups are observed to be involved
in different professions besides the principle on agriculture.
The data of the
present survey helped identify several emerging issues related to
sustainable livelihood of Mahuatongri village. The issues are detailed below,
Land holding: Being
belonged to the marginal or small categories. They earn very little amount of
money from the agricultural sectors. It is interwoven with the problems of slow
adoption of new technology and land fragmentation.
Agro-economic
issues: Insects, Natural disasters and the lack of rain in the early
growing season has contributed to the downfall of production. Lack of
enthusiasm in vegetable production and absence of production employment source
have also been burning issues.
Health and
Education: Some critical diseases force the villagers to go to 50km for
Ranchi medical collage due to inadequate local facilities. Besides, lack of
training of immunization authority as well as unhygienic practice of the
villages is bigger problems. No permanent teacher at primary school in the
village.
Natural
Resources Management: The natural resources like timber, non-timber forest
products and fish have been over harvested and continue to deteriorate in a
steady rate. But there is no other way to get fuel for cooking. Public knowledge
about this is low.
Access to
Market: The villagers face problems with transport cost and time for
travelling from village to regulated market. Middleman fixes the price on most
produce and villagers have to sell on that.
Problems in
participation: Villagers are less motivated to participate in village based
activities. Even the leaders of village development committee do not
participate fully in other development programmes due to lack of social unity.
Lack of knowhow
about Govt. Schemes:In spite of different governmental schemes launched for
different sectors, most of the farmers don not have relevant informations.
Consequently, they can not get facilities from different govt. sponsored
programs. Migration: Due to fragmented land and less irrigation
facilities in summer season, many of the farmers migrate to the towns for
employment opportunities. Migration is also occurred for higher educational
opportunities too. Suggestive recommendations ustainable livelihood of
Mahuatongri village
Training of
Agricultural & allied sectors: Integrating agricultural training and
enterprise training can help farmers of Mahuatongri village to manage and
market their farm produce more effectively and to take advantage of new
agricultural opportunities. It is important mechanism to reducing
susceptibility to crisis and developing a more stable year-round income.
Successfully integrating farming development into the farmers‘ lives involved
an array of integrated approaches. So DivyayanKrishiVigyanKendra, Morabadi
provide vocational training for rural youth free of cost in different sector
like-Dairy, Poultry, Mushroom, Bee keeping, Vermi-compost and Agricultural
training. So it will be better for villagers to attached Divyayan KVK to
self-employment and livelihood development.
Ber and Palash
plants are in the village in a large amount. It has a great potential for lac
cultivation. The villagers can get easily assistance for lac cultivation from
Divyayan KVK and Lac Research Institute, Namkum.
Training of
Artisans: Aid to Artisans has the most comprehensive and relevant training
programs in the craft sector. These programs address the needs of artisans,
exporters, designers, organizational leaders, government officials and cultural
preservationists. So DivyayanKrishiVigyan Kendra, Morabadi get vocational
training for rural women like-food processing training, pickle making,
inscented stick (Dhup) making etc. free of cost.
Organization of
community‟s empowerment: Self-help groups and increasingly advice and train
members in a variety of on-farm and off-farm income-generating activities.
Through promoting self-help group, contributed to improving the overall status
of women in terms of income of livelihood status, empowerment of women, welfare
of society, etc. for better livelihood status of Mahuatongri village.
Women
Development: About 40.32% girls of this village who are literate have
expressed their desire to undergo training in Tailoring, in Nursing, and in
income generating schemes.
There are six SHG
in this village. For women such Self Help Groups may be formed for activities
like Dairy, Tailoring (Garment Manufacturing), Para Medical activities (for
ensuring safe maternity, safe delivery and infant health), Poultry, Pig
rearing, Consumer services (consumer stores, retail sale of stationery
articles, school uniforms, thrift and banking etc.) etc. Nearly all households
have the tradition of maintaining cows for milk consumption and sale in very
little quantity. Therefore women coming from weaker sections may be involved in
formulation of Self Help Groups for practising dairy activities. Women can form
Self-help Group for weaving under the auspices of Khadi and village Industries
Commission. As electricity is available in this village women can help generate
their income through this activity by getting trained with KVIC. Provision
of mela (village fairs): Annual kisanmela (agricultural
exhibition-cum-fair) imparting advance technologies, supplying inputs like
seeds, fertilizer, etc. Providing irrigation facilities and other
infrastructures, conducting farmers‘ exchange programmes, cultural
competitions, seminars and so on organised at village level under the guidance
of KVK.
Organization of
co-operatives and self-help movement: Co-operators think that all people,
every man, woman and child, anywhere in the world deserve a decent life.
Everybody has the right to a fair livelihood, adequate health, educational
opportunity and access to water and energy. So co–operative and self-help
movement are more important to Mahuatongri village. The awareness may be
created by VSS, KGVK, KVK or any govt. organization etc. Motivating the
villagers to collect the more non-timber product: To motivate the all
villagers to collect the more non timber forest product from forest. It will be
good for sustain their good livelihood status. The Mahuatongri village almost
bounded by the forest area and different non timber forest products are found
in this village. So the villagers have scope to development a small processing
industry. Encouragement of cottage industries and crafts as the main and
subsidiary occupations Encouragement of employment: In Mahuatongri village
some family are engaged in cottage and crafts industries. They collect the
different Non–Timber like wood for carpentry, Sal leaf for making plate.
Agriculture is the main occupation to villagers. But to encouragement of the
villagers to take the cottage industries like potato chef making and crafts as
the main and subsidiary occupations. As a result they improve their life style
pattern.
For setting up of
self-employment ventures & Development in rural areas implementing various
central as well as state Government Sponsored Schemes aimed to uplift poor educated
un-employed/under-employed people in rural/semi-urban/urban areas by providing
financial assistance to set up self-employment ventures with the help of
various government authorities/agencies.
The
Govt. of India has restructured the poverty alleviation programmes such as IRDP
(Integrated Rural Development Programme), DWACRA (Development of
Women and Children in Rural Areas), TRYSEM (Training of Rural Youth for
Self-Employment), PMEGP (Prime Minister‘s Employment Generation Programme),
SGSY (Swarnajayanti Gram SwarojgarYojana) etc.
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